Tuesday, March 5, 2024

A peep into history of the Tatas

 



The book deals with the life of J.R.D Tata.

I am giving some excerpts only to kindle interest of any prospective readers.

I have given the highlights only about Jamsetji Tata and his son Dorab ji and how the University of Science and Tata Steels came to be established in this country.

EXCERPTS:

In 1896 Jamsetji Tata offered half of his fortune consisting of fourteen buildings and four landed properties worth three million rupees (Around Rs 170 million in 1991) to the British Government to establish a University of Science.  For the last eight years of his life he tried to enthuse the British Government to make a contribution equal to his gift and pass an enactment to start a university to offer post-gratuate courses in electrical, mechanical and civil engineering, various aspectos of the humanities to enable students to do research into history and archiology.

Lord Curzon delayed the project thinking Jamsetji was aiming at getting baronetcy. 

In 1903 the Secretary of State for India Lord Hamilton, wrote to Lord Curzon that if the Government delayed the project any further, Jamshedji may withdraw the offer and divert the amount to iron and hydro-electic projects.  Though anyone else would have done so, Jamsetji did not go back on his word.

But only a year after his death, Lord Curzon agreed to the scheme for the University of Science with equal share by the Government to that of the benefaction of Jamsetji. (p 5 & 6)

 ....

In 1860s when Jamsetji Tata was about thirty, he went to a talk in Manchester by Thomas Carlyle.  The steel age was just beginning. With vision Carlyle had declared: ‘The nation that has the steel will have the gold’.

That made Jamsetji start the Iron and steel industry in India. (p 43)

....

When J.R.D. Tata and his wife Thelly were driving down by car after their honeymoon, they were stopped for over an hour on the road in bitter cold at Kolkatta to give way to the Governor’s car. JRD and his wife decided to register their protest.  When the Governor’s car came, Thelly and JRD stepped up before the Governor’s car and when it stopped, JRD went up to his window and shouted, ‘ Who the hell do you think you are, keeping five hundred people, women and children in the cold for an hour?  You damn fool!’.  Among those shivering in the cold was a British Anglican priest, who went up to JRD and said, “Sir I do not approve of your language but I certainly approve of your sentiments’. (p 63, 64)

...

In 1907 Tatas were advised that the kind of capital needed for their projected steel plant was not available in India and that they would better tap the London market.  But the london market was going through a bad patch.  Tata decided to try their luck in India.  To Tatas’ amazement, investors beseiged their Bombay office at Navsari Building, from morning till nate at night and in three weeks the eintre capital was subscribed.  Dorab Tata wrote: ‘,Above all, it was a swadeshi enterprise, finance by swadeshi money, managed by swadeshi brains’. Jawaharlal Nehru had picked the year thatTatas raised funds as the turning point in the country’s struggle for independence (p 68-69)

...Mahatma Gandhi visited the Jamshedpur factory at the invitation of the Directors and workers.  When he was shown the room in which he was to stay, he was taken aback to see the British mattresses and pillows, drapes and carpets.  Gandhiji requested them to be removed.  After his wish was obeyed and the room looked pretty barren, he was asked, ‘Will you be quite comfortable with so many things removed from the room, Mahatmaji?’.  He said, ‘I am quite comfortabe with just a garment’. (p 47)

 ....

Sir Doraab’s finest hour was in 1924, when he pledged his private forutne including his wife’s jwellery for a loan to save a public limited company – Tata Stee.  In the jwellery that he pledged to the Imperial Bank, was the clebrated Jubilee Diamond (245.35 carats) more than twice the size of th Kohinoor. (p 72)

...


When reading about the pledging of the jewels of Tata's wife to save the company I was reminded about a similar instance told to me by an employee of M/s Salzer Electronics, Coimbatore where its founder had also done so to save the company and had refused advised of others to concentrate on farming on the lands instead of having an industry. The MD Mr. Doraiswamy is reported to have said that he had to safeguard the families of the workers of his factory.  

India lives by such great industrialists.


More on JRD himself, later...


Saturday, March 2, 2024

Metamorphosis of the human condition


 

Kafka starts by a startling statement: ‘One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed int a horrible vermin.’

Now we do not know whether the subsequent experience of Gregor is an extension of his dream or not.

He is not able to move his limbs.  He is not able to communicate.  But he is able to climb over the walls and roof.  He is in a miserable position that he can no longer go for his duties and due to that his father, mother and young sister of only 17 years are forced to go out for work, to sustain.

But, when his family finds him thus transformed, their attitude changing towards him gradually is what the novel describes.

When he tries to come out of his room, his father pushes him back into his room with a stick in one hand and a news paper in the other. 

The efforts of Gregor to speak to his Mother or Father are in vain.

His sister also who comes into his room takes away the left-over after his meals, not with her bare hands, but with a rag. 

His room gradually becomes a store room for all unwanted items of the household, particularly when a portion of their house was rented out to three persons, for purely monetary considerations.

But then, even his sister who used to be sympathetic towards him, looked after his needs, and loved him, after his presence was objected to by their new tenants, found him abhorrent and declares, ‘I don’t want to call this monster my brother, all I can say is: we have to try and get rid of it’.

Her father agrees and says, ‘If he could just understand us, then perhaps we could come to some kind of arrangement with him.  But as it is..’.

“It’s got to go” shouts his sister.

After he moved back to his room with great effort, his sister closes the door behind him and locks the door with great relief. 

The next day, when their maid arrives, he is found dead.

Even the disposal of ‘that thing’ is taken care of only by their maid.

‘After that, the three of them left the flat together, which was something they had not done for months, and took the tram out to the open country outside the town’.

….

The pain of a person who is a part of the family, but could not communicate is personified in the whole of the novel.  It has to be read, to be understood and felt.

This need not be due to someone becoming a vermin. 

The situation could be due to any incapacitation, whether by illness, accident, old age, etc.  The agony of dependence and yet having emotions on one hand and the limits of endurance of the family members on the other, is existential.

This tragedy of the human, on the side of the protagonist as well as his family members, is demeaning. 

But Kafka, perhaps with a deliberate intend, named it ‘Metamorphosis’.


Friday, March 1, 2024

New Laws and the Supreme Court

 

Three important laws concerning any citizen were first introduced in Lok Sabha on August 11, 2023, as Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita(to replace IPC) the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (to replace CrPC) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill (to replace the Indian Evidence Act) before being referred to a parliamentary committee headed by Brij Lal for further examination.

They were passed by the Lok Sabha on December 20, 2023, before being passed by the Rajya Sabha the next day.

Subsequently, on February 24, the Union Home Ministry issued a gazette notification announcing that the new laws will come into force from July 1 this year.

          From the time line of the above, it will be obvious that these three important legislations have been passed even without discussion in the Parliament (because most of the time in the Parliament has been even otherwise washed away by pandemonium by one party or the other) and also before being referred to a parliamentary committee.

          In this context, any one with slight concern regarding the enforcement of law and order and criminal justice system is quite aware of some of the realities in India:

(1)  Though the criminal justice system is expected to be reformative, the huge population on one hand and lack of scientific mechanism, dearth of finance for the same and limited number of personnel involved in it has made it difficult to really make it reformative.

(2) The system is so time consuming and expensive that most of those languishing in prisons without even a trial, even beyond a term that they would have served if they had been found guilty, are belonging to the poorer sections of the society who cannot afford to get justice.

(3) It is also a fact that among those poor, those belonging to the suppressed classes would be the most.

(4) The criminal justice system has been systematiclly been hardened against those who go to the aid of the poorer sections vis-a-vis those who are trying to exploit them economically or socially and hence various separate laws have been passed over a period of time by successive Governments. Even they have been felt to be draconian and against human rights and dignity.

(5) The only other class of persons who are at the wrong end of this criminal justice system are those who are on the other side of authority and who are targeted for that reason. For this reason, we find that though various cases are booked against many high and mighty, hardly any of them (with the exception of a Lalu or Sasikala – even the main accused in the Sasikala case did not have to face the ordeal because judgment was kept reserved till her demise) have had to face the final outcome in the case.

In such a scenario, if the existing Penal Code, Evidence Act and Criminal Procedure Code are to be modified, it has to be the concern of each and every citizen because, if not done with enough safeguards they will enable hardening of a Police State and with the already crowded judiciary, justice will become hard to get. There are already numerous cases of Police excesses.  And there is hardly no mechanism to give any compensation to the wronged in such matters.

When the Hon’ble Supreme Court is said to have dismissed a PIL on the above issue on 26.02.2024 with the observations "What is your locus to challenge the three new criminal laws? They are not even in force. Dismissed.:” it gave a sinking feeling. https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-dismisses-petition-challenging-new-criminal-laws-says-theyre-not-even-in-force-250501?infinitescroll=1

It leaves me wondering why the Hon’ble Court should wait for something wrong to happen  Why should we cry over spilt milk or swallow it as a fiat accompli as it has happened in the cases of Article 370 abolition and ban of internet, Demolition of the Babri masjid even when the matter was pending before the highest Court and when assurances had been given that nothing will happen to the structure, in the case of demonitisation, PM CARES fund and Electoral Bonds, etc?

Are these laws not going to affect every citizen, will they pave way for emergence of a police state and will they put more pressure on the Justice delivery system or not are the questions.  However, do not know who will be competent to delve into these, if not the highest Court of this land, when the Parliament has already passed these laws and when the Government has notified that they will take effect from1.07.2024.

The elaborate discussion on Decoding the new Criminal Laws was in this direction very enlightening and also increases the concerns.  Fundamentally, when corporates can pay the parties to purchase legislators, laws cannot be expected to be made for the common man.  Why should corporates invest to empower the citizens after all?

Sunday, February 18, 2024

மலரே ஏன் மலர்கின்றாய்

 



பழ கருப்பையா அவர்களின் இந்த சொற்பொழிவு மனதுக்கு சற்று வேதனை அளித்தது.  

பத்து முறை சிறை சென்றோம், கை ஒடிக்கப்பட்டது, பத்தொன்பது நாட்கள் உண்ணாவிரதம் இருந்தோம், பல காட்சிகளில் இருந்தோம் என்றல்லாது என்ன சாதித்துவிட்டோம் என்று ஒரு ஏக்கமும் தனக்கு முன்பாக ஒரு சூனியமும் உள்ளது போல் அவர் பேசும்போது, சிலுவையில் யேசுநாதர், 'இறைவனே ஏன் என்னை கைவிட்டீர்', என்று மன்றாடும் குரல் கேட்கிறது.

 

இது போன்ற ஒரு மனநிலையில்தான் தான் இருந்ததாக  இப்போதைய வழக்கறிஞரும் சாய் பக்தனும் முன்னாள் நக்ஸால்வாதியும் ஆன திரு பிலிப் M பிரசாத் கூறுகிறார். 

 

இப்படிப்பட்ட ஒரு தோய்வும் மனக்கலக்கமும் எந்த பிரதிபலனும் எதிர்பார்க்காமல் ஒரு இலட்சியத்தோடு செயல்படும் எவருக்கும், அந்த இலட்சியம் கைகூடாமல் போகும்போது வரக்கூடியதே.

 

தனிப்பட்ட இலாபத்திற்க்காக செயல்படுபவர்களுக்கு இந்த இக்கட்டு இருப்பது இல்லை. கரணம், இலாபம் ஈட்ட வேண்டும் என்ற இலக்கு எப்போதும் அவர்களுக்கு முன்பாக இருந்துகொண்டே இருக்கும்.  அதற்க்காக அவர்கள் எத்துணை நாட்களும் காத்திருக்க தயாராகவே இருப்பார்கள். அவர்களுக்கு மிகுந்த பொறுமையும் இருப்பதை காண்கிறோம்.

 

வெள்ளையனே வெளியேறு இயக்கம் உச்சத்தில் இருந்த ஒருபொழுதில் வினோபா அவர்கள் காந்தியரிடம் ஒரு கேள்வி கேட்கிறார். இதுவெல்லாம் எப்படி முடியும் என்று நினைக்கிறீர்கள் என்று. வினோபா ஒன்றும் ஆன்மிகத்தில் இளைத்தவர் அல்ல.  தன்னுடைய சீடராய் வந்த தனது குரு என்று அவரை காந்தியாரே கூறுகிறார்.  ஒருவேளை காந்தியடிகள் மனதில் உள்ளதை அறிவதற்காக அதை கேட்டாரா என்பது தெரியவில்லை.  அந்த கேள்விக்கு காந்தியார் வார்த்தையால் பதில் அளிக்கவில்லை. ஒரு புன்னகையுடன் கை விரலால் ஒரு பூஜ்யத்தை வரைந்து காட்டினாராம்.

 

அந்தத்தெளிவு இருந்தும் காந்தியரோ விநோபாவோ தமது செயல்களை சற்றும் குறைத்துக்கொள்ளவில்லை. 

 

பல முறை நண்பர்கள் கூறுகிறார்கள் - ஏன் செயல்பட வேண்டும், யாருக்காக, மனிதர்கள் நன்றிகெட்டவர்கள்,  என்றெல்லாம் . 

 

ஒரே ஒரு பதிலைத்தான் கூறி வந்திருக்கிறேன் , ' நாம் யார் என்றோ எதற்க்காகப்பிறந்தோம் என்றோ எல்லாம் தெரியாத வரை, எது சரி என்று ஒவ்வொரு சந்தர்ப்பத்திலும் படுகிறதோ அதை முடிந்தவரை சரியாக செய்துவிட்டு மற்றதை நம்மை வழிநடத்தும் அந்த சக்திகள் கையில் ஒப்படைத்துவிட்டால் நிம்மதி' என்பதே.

 

91 இல் எழுதிய கவிதை ஒன்று நினைவுக்கு வருகிறது:

 

"மலரே ஏன் மலர்கின்றாய்?

உன்னை உருவாக்கும் கணமெல்லாம்

உன் மரணத்தை அழைக்கையிலே

மலர்ந்தேன் நீ மாய்கின்றாய்?

மதிகெட்ட மலரே நீ

சற்றேனும் சிந்திப்பாய்."

 

மலர் மெல்ல நகைத்தது

'நான் எதுவும் நினைப்பதில்லை

வீணாகப்பிதற்றாதே'.

 

மலர் மீண்டும் மலர்தது

பின் தளர்ந்தது, கீழே உதிர்ந்தது.

மலர் மீண்டும் மலர்தது .


Thursday, February 15, 2024

Locked-in syndrome

 


The first time I read about it I was quite startled – the locked-in syndrome. [In the Ten Types of Human by Dexter Dias]

“ Tony had suffered a massive stroke.  It left him paralysed…..The way Jane described it, her husband’s body suddenly disappeared from his control, like the sudden vanishing of the safety of a plane to man in terrifying freefall.  Tony was cast adrift.  Only one small – miniscule – islet of control remained: blinking.  And the torment was deepened because his mind had been left unharmed, completely unimpaired.  He had locked-in syndrome.”

To have the mind functioning still, but body being totally out of control – there cannot be a more stifling life.

I was reminded of my father's plight.  One night, while he was in the ICU, it was announced to us that he had suffered a stroke and was in coma.  But after a week of being on ventilator and support system, when one day I told the doctor near his bed that I did not think he would like to lie like that, he nodded.  

We have come across a patient in Munnabai MBBS (Vasool Raja MBBS in Tamil) who is believed to be in coma, but had life inside.

I came across a similar instance narrated by another person:

“It was the first few weeks of my pregnancy when I was diagnosed with an internal haemorrhage. The prognosis was grave and surgery was an option only as a last resort at the risk of losing the foetus. I was ordered complete bed rest with absolutely no movement, so to give the wound a chance to heal itself. I lay in bed all day and night staring at the ceiling most of the time. The only welcome distraction to my eyes was the picture of Bhagavan and Sri Arunachala that I had asked to be glued on the closet door at the foot of my bed. I tried to concentrate on my prayers, repeating "Sri Arunachala Akshara Mana Malai" as much as possible.

 But the physical pain was immense, not to mention the agony of being bed ridden. Though I was under excellent medical care and had full attention from my family, I felt my strength draining from my body with each passing day. One afternoon, I had an experience. I felt the heat dissipating from my body and a chillness setting in. My hearing began losing its sharpness, vision blurring and a cloud of darkness set in. I could not move my hands nor could I voice a single word, even though I was trying to scream from within. I felt suffocated, was aware of my consciousness slipping away and felt myself sinking into something that I have no words to describe.

I panicked inside, gripped by the fear of death and thoughts of unfinished responsibilities. I experienced my life slipping away. At that moment, I cried inside to Bhagavan, begging Him, that if this was death, he should take me to Him. Then, I had the vision of the holy Sri Arunachala Mountain zooming back and forth and Bhagavan standing at one side of the hill. There was an arc of light leaving my body, like what you see in children's fairy tale movies. Bhagavan raised his hand and pushed the light back into my body. He then said, "This is not the time for you to go. You have a purpose in life. Do your duty." Then in the most gracious and affectionate way, he put his hand where I had been hurting and said, "Is this where you hurt?"

 After this I became conscious. I had no idea how long I was unconscious. All I knew was that this experience had transformed me, for when I became aware of the world, I had absolutely no pain. I immediately rose from my bed and walked briskly across the room. I felt and appeared perfectly healthy. The next visit to the doctor showed a completely healed wound. Now I have been blessed with a beautiful, healthy baby. Bhagavan gave me a chance to bring a gift of life into my family. Everyday I remind myself that I live by His grace alone.”

— A New York Devotee

[From: The Maharshi Newsletter, Sep/Oct 2000, Vol. 10, No. 5]

Life is taken for granted.  We do not yet understand what keeps the clock ticking. How and to what extent.

 


Sunday, February 11, 2024

Conversation with an old friend


 

It was an accidental meeting. 

First he avoided looking into my eyes and turned away. We had known each other for more than 2 decades and there was no way he would not have noticed me. I kept on looking at him. The next time he looked at me I smiled.  He gave me a sheepish smile.  Then after I made enquiries about his health, he slowly started speaking.

Now a days I find from your social media posts that you have developed a very negative opinion about our party.

Yes.

But you appeared to be supportive of our ideas and leaders when we were in the opposition and even when Vajpayeji was the PM.

Yes. When you were in the opposition, Congress had already hit its nadir.  Their leaders were not connected at the ground level.  They had already compromised on those values for which the party stood for prior to Independence. In fact Gandhi wanted the winding up of the party after Independence.  He foresaw the possibility of the party taking the credit for achieving freedom and thus destroying democracy.

Do you mean to say that Gandhi was a democrat?

As an individual, he was not.  He always gave importance for his inner voice. But in governance, he was insistent that it should be democratic.

Then how do you explain his interfering with the elections in Congress itself?

When his opinion and support was sought he took the stand that he could not go with someone whose path he had no trust in. He was outside the Congress.  The leaders of the Congress required him. That was it.

But how does all this come in the way of your present opposition to our party?

Because, after 2014, your party has openly taken to the path that was earlier followed by the Congress under Mrs. Gandhi.

How was Mrs. Gandhi different from her father?

Her father, in spite of his weaknesses, which he himself would admit here and there, would not like to stick to power at any cost.  Rather, he felt being in power was a burden.  I remember to have read somewhere that this was primarily why Gandhi preferred him to Patel. Nehru himself is believed to have issued a pamphlet using a pseudonym against himself and describing himself as a dictator, to avoid being re-elected President of the Congress.

It could have been a lie circulated to bring credit to himself.

But then, he was always concerned about criticism.  He wanted to be seen as a follower of Gandhian principles and a world leader.  Partly only because of this he failed to see through the Chinese game plans.

Mrs. Indira Gandhi was also sensitive to criticism.

Yes. She inherited it from her father. But, she lacked his confidence.  Hence, sought to reduce the stature of others of her father’s generation.  When she found that she was left without the footing of that generation, she sought to get a firm footing of her own, through nationalization and then she gained better control after the Bangladesh war.

Yes. But for her we may not have won that war.

If Sashtri had been there also we could have won.  Now, we have the habit of trying to put down Nehru with the success in Pakistan war and Bangladesh war.  It is preposterous to speak about Bangladesh and China in the same breath.  But the point is that even after getting an unassailable position after the Bangladesh war, she constantly was wary of the opposition, within the Congress and outside, which ultimately lead to the Emergency.

But how do you blame us of following her footsteps?  You are well aware that we were the ones who fought against the emergency.  The Communist fellows cowed down meekly.

Yes.  Some of your leaders and cadre fought against the emergency.  Some in the Communist party also. But some of your people also had a soft corner for her because, she was openly showing pro-Hindu leanings.  Her son, Sanjay was a great fan of your theories of ‘teaching the Muslims a lesson or putting them in place’.  The present bulldozer culture of some of your state governments reminds me of only the Turkman gate incidents.

But we are staunchly against dynasty politics.

When you propound a Hindu rashtra, which is unquestionably linked to varnashrama and has become embedded as caste system, how do you say dynasty could be done away with?

But some families have been looting the country like the Gandhi family at the centre, the Abdhullahs in J&K and the Karunanidhi family in TN.

But in these 10 years, have you been able to bring them to book?  Atleast establish primafacie cases? During the UPA you made such a big din about the 2G that you have not been able to establish the case in the last 10 year of your rule. I do agree that a hand full of people or families amassing wealth is bad for the economy and democracy.  Whether it is a ruling clan or a corporate body. A democracy with vibrant institutions like the legislature, Judiciary and press should ensure that such things do not happen.  For that matter, have not the second generation already started coming up in your party?  Then how can you blame the banyan called the Congress or similar old parties?  And whether Congress or your party or others, there is open alignment with the corporates.

Do you not see that we have been bringing legislations to ensure a curb on corruption?

I find that your legislations are mostly to serve your own party than to bring long term solutions to the real problem. 

How do you say that?

Demonitisation, PM CARES Fund, Electoral Bonds, Change in committee to appoint Election Commissioners by giving the entire power to the PM with 2/3 strength, attempts to change the collegium system so that similar exercise could be done in the matter of appointing Judges, etc are purely for putting your selves on a higher footing from the others so that the level playing field is taken away.  I am reminded about someone like Mr. Gurumurthy saying that in order to win more medals in the Asiad or Olympics, we should include those games in which we are better at. That is precisely what your party has been doing in terms of legislations.  Bringing in your own rules of the game or game itself. The next in your agenda is to go in for delimitation by which the south and east will become irrelevant for your majority, because, these regions think differently.

You are questioning the competence of the elected party with a majority to make laws.

Laws have to be made in continuation to the earlier ones.  Just because I have a majority I cannot rubbish all the earlier events or legislations and create something out of the blue.  That will destroy the concept of ‘rule of law’. That is what anarchy is about and how people like Hitler liked to interpret democracy.

But this so called ‘rule of law’ has been inherited from the British. Why should we hang on to it?

Many of the present day laws have been continued from the British. But even when British made laws which were against our interest, there have been protests, often violent, against them.  Thus, it is an evolution that has taken place.  To say that we will repeal all that has been done from the British period is to go back to Sati, non-marriage of widows, non-inheritance of property by women, untouchability, etc.

We want to go back to the golden age of our ancestors where these discriminations were not there.  It is the British and left historians who portrayed as if these were there in the Hindu society.

First of all, there is no proof that man ever lived without discriminations, in one form or the other.  Secondly, clock cannot be set back in time. Third, there are enough recordings by our own people regarding such bad practices and from time to time there have been attempts to reform from within.  Putting all the blame ofn the British will not cut much ice.  Lastly, even if such an ambition is genuine, the tone and tenor of your present leadership is not promising in that regard.

How do you make such a bland and blanket statement? You are biased.

Yes. I have become biased because I saw that even after being elected to power, you keep on speaking as if you are in the opposition.  Your tallest leaders speak the language of regional party leaders or even leaders of some splinter groups or pressure groups.  You people have forgotten that once elected, you have to speak and act on behalf of all people.  Not ‘your people’ alone.

But every other party which gets elected, works only for their supporters.  You are proposing an utopian theory.

Agreed. In practice, it had been so.  But in public and while speaking and acting in capacities of elected posts, people were expected to behave according to their positions.  That is why I have not had any objection to Vajpayee, but do not accept Mrs. Gandhi.

Now you are coming back to the same thing.  I think there is no point in talking to you.  You cannot be convinced.

Yes, I would better not be.

That is why I avoided speaking to you. After the next elections, people of your type will either change or will be forced to.

 

After he left, I was left ruminating:

I was reminded of what Kuldip Nayar wrote in his book on the Emergency (The Judgment).  While waiting for the train just before the election results were to be announced (in 1977) he says, suddenly a thought flashed in his mind, ‘what if she comes back’?.  

I would better believe in God.


Monday, January 22, 2024

Waiting for the Avathar

 


Kurudhipunal is one of the master pieces of Tamizh writer Dr. Indira Parthasarathy.  It has the incidents of Keezh venmani as its back drop.  It won the Sahithya Akademy Award in 1977.  In the novel, two protagonists discuss about the sorry state of affairs concerning the poor and downtrodden.  One of them says that a revolution is in the offing.  The other one says, it will not.  He says that people of this country are so used to waiting for some avatar to come and save them that they will not organize and revolt themselves. 

They believe that a Rama, a Krishna, a Buddha or a Gandhi will come to save them.  After Gandhi, they believed in Nehru, then in Indira Gandhi, some in JP, some in Morarji Desai, then in Rajiv Gandhi and now in Modi.  At the state levels also things are no different. This is also the reason why feudalism still survives.

The Indian is bound by the belief in the concept of Karma.  Karma of his past binds his present.  But he does not realize that his Karma of the present determines his future.  He does not realize that Karma is both - doing as well as not doing, or refraining from doing or avoidance of action itself.  It is plain sluggishness and basic fear that is at the root of this inertia. 

He has for his support the story of Ajamila in the Bhagavatha, to emphasise that even if he is on the wrong path, surrender to the Lord will redeem him ultimately.

He does not realize the concept of surrender.  He does not realize that such a surrender, is after realizing the error in the action undertaken thus far.  It is not an insurance against planned execution of misdeeds. Such a distorted view has given rise to people conveniently planning diabolic moves, annihilating all other adversaries through cunning means and being merciless.  Then they think that going to Rameswaram, to Gaya or to Kashi and having a dip in some holy waters will absolve them of all their ill deeds and take them straight to heaven.

All the oceans of Neptune cannot wash away the guilt of such murderous designs.

Real way to come out of the circuitous designs imposed by base instincts embedded within us is prescribed in one of the main Thirukkurals:

மனத்துக்கண் மாசிலன் ஆதல் அனைத்து அறன்
ஆகுல நீர பிற."  

(All virtues stem out of a mind cleansed of dirt.

All else are mere posturing.)

Cleansing the mind is a process.  It is continuous and difficult. It cannot be done simultaneously along with satiating ones craze for power, wealth and pride.

This is what realized people have repeatedly told us.

This is the real inner revolution. 

The outer revolution on the social side spoken about by Dr. Indira Parthasarathy does not necessarily mean a bloody revolution.  It is a conception change in the thought process.  It underlines the need to organize at a particular level to achieve a common goal.

The average Hindu is afraid and apprehensive of the Muslim, Christian or a Sikh precisely because the Hindu is not organized as in the case of the others.  It is also not a fact that the other religious denominations are all organized as one.  There are sects and sub-sects within each.  Yet, each such sub-sect or Church caters to its members.  It is also open to others and even tries to woo the others.  It does not shut its gates.  Only dictum is that the new comer should follow the dictums prescribed. The movements within the Hindu fold like the Sri Ramakrishna Mission, ISKON, Satya Sai Seva Samithi, Brahma kumaris, Yogoda Satsangh, etc have taken cue from the organizations in other religions and have tried to have a common platform for a particular purpose.  They are not aggressive organizations, but try to inculcate the concept of brotherhood and attempt to alleviate sufferings of the poor and down trodden.

But, trying to organize Hinduism as one, is the latest attempt – on political lines. And in this attempt, instead of organizing on the basis of humanitarianism, it is attempted by having some common enemies.  To strengthen the inner wheels, what is getting consolidated is the caste-based identity.  Since the castes are inherently opposed to each other and have superiority and inferiority complexes foiled into one, once the common enemy factor is lost, these inner wheels will fall asunder. Due to this reason, the common enemy factor should be kept reinforced by these new social scientists. Humanitarian approach that is the fulcrum for real bonding is lost in the face of animosities. This is no revolution at the social level either.  We will be slipping back to old stone age.

The best course would be to be conscious of what one is doing, the purpose and whether it is to hurt others.  Present hurt cannot be a reply to a past hurt, whether actual or perceived.  We are only creating another karmic cycle then.


The prophesy that the Shudra power shall rule.

  (Excerpts from ‘Modern India’ an Article by Swami Vivekananda published in March 1899 - Available in Vol.4 of the Complete Works of Swami ...